Regene Prıme
Orthopedic & Regenerative Center
Ортопедический и регенеративный центр
مركز تقويم وتجديد العظام
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Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. They usually range in size between 30-150 nanometres and are released outside the cell by budding through the cell membrane.
Thanks to the proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA fragments they contain, they regulate various biological processes by carrying information between cells. Exosomes are naturally produced by many different cell types of the body and have many functions, from immune responses to tissue repair.
Exosomes can be isolated from cell cultures in the laboratory. This process is usually performed by methods such as centrifugation, filtration and ultrafiltration. First, cells and other large particles are separated from the cell culture medium, followed by isolation of small particles and exosomes. The resulting exosomes are purified and stored for use in clinical applications. This process must be carried out in a precise manner so as to preserve the biological activity of the exosomes.
Uses of Exosomes in Orthopaedics
Exosomes have been investigated with increasing interest in the field of orthopaedics in recent years. They have great potential especially in areas such as tissue regeneration, wound healing and controlling inflammation. The main features that enable the use of exosomes in orthopaedic treatments are their acceleration of cellular repair processes and anti-inflammatory effects.
Exosomes stand out as a potential biological application that can be used in the repair of cartilage damage. Cartilage tissue can cause long-term problems when damaged due to its limited self-renewal capacity. Exosomes promote the proliferation and differentiation of cartilage cells (chondrocytes). Furthermore, thanks to the anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes, it may also help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with cartilage damage.
In bone fractures and other bone injuries, exosomes can accelerate the healing process of bone tissue. Exosomes promote bone formation by increasing the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts (bone forming cells). This contributes to faster union of bone fractures and the formation of a stronger bone structure.
Exosomes are also a promising tool in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. These injuries are associated with long healing times and chronic pain. Growth factors and microRNAs contained in exosomes accelerate the repair of tendon and ligament cells. This application both accelerates the healing of the injury and provides a more durable tissue in the long term.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease characterised by advanced wear of articular cartilage. Exosomes are used as an adjunctive biological application in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Thanks to their anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerating effects, exosomes relieve joint pain and help preserve cartilage tissue.
Exosomes can also be used to accelerate wound healing after surgical interventions. By regulating cellular communication and promoting healing processes, they help wound healing to occur faster and more smoothly.
As a result, exosomes offer an innovative adjunctive treatment option in the field of orthopaedics. These small biological vesicles, which can be used in a wide range of applications from cartilage repair to bone healing, tendon and ligament injuries to osteoarthritis treatment, can improve the quality of life of patients by accelerating repair processes at the cellular level.
Exosomes can be applied with a minimally invasive method and provide faster and more effective results by supporting natural healing processes. With exosomes derived from stem cells, it is attempted to achieve a similar effect to stem cells without stem cell application. In the future, exosomes are expected to be more widely used to assist orthopaedic treatments.
